firewalld-白红宇

firewalld

阅读量：5913 次

发布时间：2019-06-19

本文共 51751 字，大约阅读时间需要 172 分钟。

firewalld

打开firewalld

systemctl disable iptables

systemctl stop iptables

systemctl enable firewalld

systemctl start firewalld

firewalld 默认有9个zone

默认zone 为public

firewall-cmd --get-zones ···查看所有zone

firewall-cmd --get-default-zone···查看默认zone

打开firewalld

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl disable iptablesRemoved symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/iptables.service.[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl stop iptables[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl enable firewalld[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl start firewalld

查看所有zone

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-zonesblock dmz drop external home internal public trusted work

查看默认zone

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-default-zonepublic

firewalld关于zone的操作

设定默认zone

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=worksuccess

查指定网卡

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-zone-of-interface=ens33public

给指定网卡设置zone

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-interface=losuccess[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-zone-of-interface=lopublic

针对网卡指定zone

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --change-interface=losuccess[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-zone-of-interface=lodmz

针对网卡删除zone

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --remove-interface=losuccess[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-zone-of-interface=lono zone

查看系统所有网卡所在的zone

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-active-zonespublic  interfaces: ens33

firewalld关于service的操作

查看所有的service

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-servicesRH-Satellite-6 amanda-client amanda-k5-client bacula bacula-client bitcoin bitcoin-rpc bitcoin-testnet bitcoin-testnet-rpc ceph ceph-mon cfengine condor-collector ctdb dhcp dhcpv6 dhcpv6-client dns docker-registry dropbox-lansync elasticsearch freeipa-ldap freeipa-ldaps freeipa-replication freeipa-trust ftp ganglia-client ganglia-master high-availability http https imap imaps ipp ipp-client ipsec iscsi-target kadmin kerberos kibana klogin kpasswd kshell ldap ldaps libvirt libvirt-tls managesieve mdns mosh mountd ms-wbt mssql mysql nfs nrpe ntp openvpn ovirt-imageio ovirt-storageconsole ovirt-vmconsole pmcd pmproxy pmwebapi pmwebapis pop3 pop3s postgresql privoxy proxy-dhcp ptp pulseaudio puppetmaster quassel radius rpc-bind rsh rsyncd samba samba-client sane sip sips smtp smtp-submission smtps snmp snmptrap spideroak-lansync squid ssh synergy syslog syslog-tls telnet tftp tftp-client tinc tor-socks transmission-client vdsm vnc-server wbem-https xmpp-bosh xmpp-client xmpp-local xmpp-server

查看当前zone下有哪些service

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-servicessh dhcpv6-client

把http增加到public zone下面

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=httpsuccess[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-servicessh dhcpv6-client http

将ftp增加到public并保存在配置文件中 /etc/firewall/zones

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=ftp --permanentsuccess[root@xuexi-001 ~]# ls /etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml  public.xml.old[root@xuexi-001 ~]# cat /etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml
    
      
     
      Public
       
     
      For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.

把http删除public zone

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-service=httpsuccess[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-servicessh dhcpv6-client[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-service=http --permanent ·····永久删除success[root@xuexi-001 ~]# cat /etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml
    
      
     
      Public
       
     
      For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.

zone 的文件配置模板

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# ls /usr/lib/firewalld/zones/block.xml  drop.xml      home.xml      public.xml   work.xmldmz.xml    external.xml  internal.xml  trusted.xml

更改配置文件，之后会在/etc/firewalld/zones 目录下面生成配置文件

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http --permanentsuccess

需求:ftp服务自定义端口1121，需要在work zone下面发行ftp

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# cp /usr/lib/firewalld/services/ftp.xml  /etc/firewalld/services/[root@xuexi-001 ~]# vi /etc/firewalld/services/ftp.xml更改文件 ：
    [root@xuexi-001 ~]# cp /usr/lib/firewalld/zones/work.xml  /etc/firewalld/zones/[root@xuexi-001 ~]# vi /etc/firewalld/zones/work.xml 增加一行内容：
    [root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --reloadsuccess[root@xuexi-001 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=work --list-servicessh dhcpv6-client ftp

linux 任务计划

crontab -u -e -l -r

格式：分时日月周 user command

文件/var/spool/cron/usename

分范围0-59，时范围0-23，日范围0-31，月范围0-12，周范围1-6

可用格式1-5表示一个范围1到5

可用格式1,2,3便是1或者2或者3

可用格式*/2表示被2整除的数字，比如小时，那就是每隔2小时

要保证服务是启动状态

systemctl start crond.service

任务计划的配置文件

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# cat /etc/crontabSHELL=/bin/bashPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binMAILTO=root# For details see man 4 crontabs# Example of job definition:# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat# |  |  |  |  |# *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed

linux系统服务管理 -chkconfig

chkconfig --list

chkconfig --level 3 network off

chkconfig ---level 345 network off

chkconfig --del network

chkconfig --add network

--add：增加所指定的系统服务，让chkconfig指令得以管理它，并同时在系统启动的叙述文件内增加相关数据；

--del：删除所指定的系统服务，不再由chkconfig指令管理，并同时在系统启动的叙述文件内删除相关数据；

--level<等级代号>：指定读系统服务要在哪一个执行等级中开启或关毕。

等级代号列表：

等级0表示：表示关机

等级1表示：单用户模式

等级2表示：无网络连接的多用户命令行模式

等级3表示：有网络连接的多用户命令行模式

等级4表示：不可用

等级5表示：带图形界面的多用户模式

等级6表示：重新启动

chkconfig --list

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# chkconfig --list注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。       要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。netconsole     	0:关	1:关	2:关	3:关	4:关	5:关	6:关network        	0:关	1:关	2:开	3:开	4:开	5:开	6:关

chkconfig --level 3 network off

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# chkconfig --list注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。       要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。netconsole     	0:关	1:关	2:关	3:关	4:关	5:关	6:关network        	0:关	1:关	2:开	3:关	4:开	5:开	6:关

chkconfig --add 123

chkconfig --del 123

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# cd /etc/init.d/[root@xuexi-001 init.d]# lsfunctions  netconsole  network  README[root@xuexi-001 init.d]# cp network 123[root@xuexi-001 init.d]# ls123  functions  netconsole  network  README[root@xuexi-001 init.d]# chkconfig --add 123[root@xuexi-001 init.d]# chkconfig --list注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。       要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。123            	0:关	1:关	2:开	3:开	4:开	5:开	6:关netconsole     	0:关	1:关	2:关	3:关	4:关	5:关	6:关network        	0:关	1:关	2:开	3:关	4:开	5:开	6:关[root@xuexi-001 init.d]# chkconfig --del 123[root@xuexi-001 init.d]# chkconfig --list注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。       要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。netconsole     	0:关	1:关	2:关	3:关	4:关	5:关	6:关network        	0:关	1:关	2:开	3:关	4:开	5:开	6:关

linux 系统服务管理-systemd

systemctl list-units --all --type=service

几个常用的相关命令

systemctl enable crond.service ···服务开机启动

systemctl disable crond ···不让开机启动

systemctl status crond ···查看状态

systemctl stop cron ···停止服务

systemctl restart crond ···重启服务

systemctl is-enabled crond ···检查服务是否开机启动

systemctl list-untils --all --type=service

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl list-units --all --type=service  UNIT                      LOAD      ACTIVE   SUB     DESCRIPTION  auditd.service            loaded    active   running Security Auditing S  brandbot.service          loaded    inactive dead    Flexible Branding S  chronyd.service           loaded    active   running NTP client/server  cpupower.service          loaded    inactive dead    Configure CPU power  crond.service             loaded    active   running Command Scheduler  dbus.service              loaded    active   running D-Bus System Messag● display-manager.service   not-found inactive dead    display-manager.ser  dracut-shutdown.service   loaded    inactive dead    Restore /run/initra  ebtables.service          loaded    inactive dead    Ethernet Bridge Fil  emergency.service         loaded    inactive dead    Emergency Shell● exim.service              not-found inactive dead    exim.service  firewalld.service         loaded    active   running firewalld - dynamic  getty@tty1.service        loaded    active   running Getty on tty1  ip6tables.service         loaded    inactive dead    IPv6 firewall with ● ipset.service             not-found inactive dead    ipset.service  iptables.service          loaded    inactive dead    IPv4 firewall with   irqbalance.service        loaded    inactive dead    irqbalance daemon  kdump.service             loaded    active   exited  Crash recovery kern  kmod-static-nodes.service loaded    active   exited  Create list of requ  microcode.service         loaded    inactive dead    Load CPU microcode   network.service           loaded    active   exited  LSB: Bring up/down ● NetworkManager-wait-online.service loaded    failed   failed  Network Ma  NetworkManager.service    loaded    active   running Network Manager● ntpd.service              not-found inactive dead    ntpd.service● ntpdate.service           not-found inactive dead    ntpdate.service  plymouth-quit-wait.service loaded    inactive dead    Wait for Plymouth   plymouth-quit.service     loaded    inactive dead    Terminate Plymouth   plymouth-read-write.service loaded    inactive dead    Tell Plymouth To   plymouth-start.service    loaded    inactive dead    Show Plymouth Boot   polkit.service            loaded    active   running Authorization Manag  postfix.service           loaded    active   running Postfix Mail Transp  rc-local.service          loaded    inactive dead    /etc/rc.d/rc.local   rescue.service            loaded    inactive dead    Rescue Shell  rhel-autorelabel-mark.service loaded    inactive dead    Mark the need t  rhel-autorelabel.service  loaded    inactive dead    Relabel all filesys  rhel-configure.service    loaded    inactive dead    Reconfigure the sys  rhel-dmesg.service        loaded    active   exited  Dump dmesg to /var/  rhel-import-state.service loaded    active   exited  Import network conf  rhel-loadmodules.service  loaded    inactive dead    Load legacy module   rhel-readonly.service     loaded    active   exited  Configure read-only  rsyslog.service           loaded    active   running System Logging Serv  selinux-policy-migrate-local-changes@targeted.service loaded    inactive● sendmail.service          not-found inactive dead    sendmail.service● sntp.service              not-found inactive dead    sntp.service  sshd-keygen.service       loaded    inactive dead    OpenSSH Server Key   sshd.service              loaded    active   running OpenSSH server daem● syslog.service            not-found inactive dead    syslog.service  sysstat.service           loaded    active   exited  Resets System Activ  systemd-ask-password-console.service loaded    inactive dead    Dispatch  systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service loaded    inactive dead    Forward  systemd-ask-password-wall.service loaded    inactive dead    Forward Pas  systemd-binfmt.service    loaded    inactive dead    Set Up Additional B  systemd-firstboot.service loaded    inactive dead    First Boot Wizard  systemd-fsck-root.service loaded    inactive dead    File System Check o  systemd-hwdb-update.service loaded    inactive dead    Rebuild Hardware   systemd-initctl.service   loaded    inactive dead    /dev/initctl Compat  systemd-journal-catalog-update.service loaded    inactive dead    Rebuil  systemd-journal-flush.service loaded    active   exited  Flush Journal t  systemd-journald.service  loaded    active   running Journal Service  systemd-logind.service    loaded    active   running Login Service  systemd-machine-id-commit.service loaded    inactive dead    Commit a tr  systemd-modules-load.service loaded    inactive dead    Load Kernel Modu● systemd-random-seed-load.service not-found inactive dead    systemd-rand  systemd-random-seed.service loaded    active   exited  Load/Save Random   systemd-readahead-collect.service loaded    inactive dead    Collect Rea  systemd-readahead-done.service loaded    inactive dead    Stop Read-Ahea  systemd-readahead-replay.service loaded    inactive dead    Replay Read-  systemd-reboot.service    loaded    inactive dead    Reboot  systemd-remount-fs.service loaded    active   exited  Remount Root and K  systemd-rfkill@rfkill0.service loaded    active   exited  Load/Save RF K  systemd-shutdownd.service loaded    inactive dead    Delayed Shutdown Se  systemd-sysctl.service    loaded    active   exited  Apply Kernel Variab● systemd-sysusers.service  not-found inactive dead    systemd-sysusers.se● systemd-timesyncd.service not-found inactive dead    systemd-timesyncd.s  systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service loaded    inactive dead    Cleanup of Tem  systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service loaded    active   exited  Create Sta  systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service loaded    active   exited  Create Volatil  systemd-udev-trigger.service loaded    active   exited  udev Coldplug al  systemd-udevd.service     loaded    active   running udev Kernel Device   systemd-update-done.service loaded    inactive dead    Update is Complet  systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service loaded    inactive dead    Update U  systemd-update-utmp.service loaded    active   exited  Update UTMP about  systemd-user-sessions.service loaded    active   exited  Permit User Ses  systemd-vconsole-setup.service loaded    active   exited  Setup Virtual   tuned.service             loaded    active   running Dynamic System Tuni  vgauthd.service           loaded    active   running VGAuth Service for   vmtoolsd.service          loaded    active   running Service for virtualLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.87 loaded units listed.To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.

命令演示：

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl enable crond.service ······ 开机启动crond服务Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/crond.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service.[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl disable crond.service  ······ 不让开机启动服务Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/crond.service.[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl status crond.service ······ 查看服务状态● crond.service - Command Scheduler   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)   Active: active (running) since 一 2018-06-18 20:40:08 CST; 34min ago Main PID: 541 (crond)   CGroup: /system.slice/crond.service           └─541 /usr/sbin/crond -n6月 18 20:40:08 xuexi-001 systemd[1]: Started Command Scheduler.6月 18 20:40:08 xuexi-001 systemd[1]: Starting Command Scheduler...6月 18 20:40:08 xuexi-001 crond[541]: (CRON) INFO (RANDOM_DELAY will ...)6月 18 20:40:09 xuexi-001 crond[541]: (CRON) INFO (running with inoti...)Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl stop crond.service······ 停止服务[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl restart crond······重启服务[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl is-enabled cronddisabled ······查看服务是否开机启动

ls /usr/lib/systemd/system ···系统所有unit,分为以下类型

service 系统服务

target 多个unit组成的组

device 硬件设备

mount 文件系统挂载点

automount 自动挂载点

path 文件或路径

scope 不是有systemd启动的外部进程

slice 进程组

snapshot systemd 快照

socket 进程间通信套接字

swap swap文件

timer定时器

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# ls /usr/lib/systemd/systemarp-ethers.serviceauditd.serviceautovt@.servicebasic.targetbasic.target.wantsblk-availability.servicebluetooth.targetbrandbot.pathbrandbot.servicechrony-dnssrv@.servicechrony-dnssrv@.timerchronyd.servicechrony-wait.serviceconsole-getty.serviceconsole-shell.servicecontainer-getty@.servicecpupower.servicecrond.servicecryptsetup-pre.targetcryptsetup.targetctrl-alt-del.targetdbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.servicedbus-org.freedesktop.import1.servicedbus-org.freedesktop.locale1.servicedbus-org.freedesktop.login1.servicedbus-org.freedesktop.machine1.servicedbus-org.freedesktop.timedate1.servicedbus.servicedbus.socketdbus.target.wantsdebug-shell.servicedefault.targetdefault.target.wantsdev-hugepages.mountdev-mqueue.mountdracut-cmdline.servicedracut-initqueue.servicedracut-mount.servicedracut-pre-mount.servicedracut-pre-pivot.servicedracut-pre-trigger.servicedracut-pre-udev.servicedracut-shutdown.serviceebtables.serviceemergency.serviceemergency.targetfinal.targetfirewalld.servicefstrim.servicefstrim.timergetty@.servicegetty.targetgraphical.targetgraphical.target.wantshalt-local.servicehalt.targethalt.target.wantshibernate.targethybrid-sleep.targetinitrd-cleanup.serviceinitrd-fs.targetinitrd-parse-etc.serviceinitrd-root-fs.targetinitrd-switch-root.serviceinitrd-switch-root.targetinitrd-switch-root.target.wantsinitrd.targetinitrd.target.wantsinitrd-udevadm-cleanup-db.serviceip6tables.serviceiprdump.serviceiprinit.serviceiprupdate.serviceiprutils.targetiptables.serviceirqbalance.servicekdump.servicekexec.targetkexec.target.wantskmod-static-nodes.servicelocal-fs-pre.targetlocal-fs.targetlocal-fs.target.wantsmachine.slicemachines.targetmessagebus.servicemicrocode.servicemulti-user.targetmulti-user.target.wantsNetworkManager-dispatcher.serviceNetworkManager.serviceNetworkManager-wait-online.servicenetwork-online.targetnetwork-online.target.wantsnetwork-pre.targetnetwork.targetnss-lookup.targetnss-user-lookup.targetpaths.targetplymouth-halt.serviceplymouth-kexec.serviceplymouth-poweroff.serviceplymouth-quit.serviceplymouth-quit-wait.serviceplymouth-read-write.serviceplymouth-reboot.serviceplymouth-start.serviceplymouth-switch-root.servicepolkit.servicepostfix.servicepoweroff.targetpoweroff.target.wantsprinter.targetproc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automountproc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mountquotaon.servicerc-local.servicerdisc.servicereboot.targetreboot.target.wantsremote-fs-pre.targetremote-fs.targetrescue.servicerescue.targetrescue.target.wantsrhel-autorelabel-mark.servicerhel-autorelabel.servicerhel-configure.servicerhel-dmesg.servicerhel-domainname.servicerhel-import-state.servicerhel-loadmodules.servicerhel-readonly.servicerpcbind.targetrsyncd.servicersyncd@.servicersyncd.socketrsyslog.servicerunlevel0.targetrunlevel1.targetrunlevel1.target.wantsrunlevel2.targetrunlevel2.target.wantsrunlevel3.targetrunlevel3.target.wantsrunlevel4.targetrunlevel4.target.wantsrunlevel5.targetrunlevel5.target.wantsrunlevel6.targetselinux-policy-migrate-local-changes@.serviceserial-getty@.serviceshutdown.targetshutdown.target.wantssigpwr.targetsleep.target-.sliceslices.targetsmartcard.targetsockets.targetsockets.target.wantssound.targetsshd-keygen.servicesshd.servicesshd@.servicesshd.socketsuspend.targetswap.targetsys-fs-fuse-connections.mountsysinit.targetsysinit.target.wantssys-kernel-config.mountsys-kernel-debug.mountsyslog.socketsyslog.target.wantssysstat.servicesystemd-ask-password-console.pathsystemd-ask-password-console.servicesystemd-ask-password-plymouth.pathsystemd-ask-password-plymouth.servicesystemd-ask-password-wall.pathsystemd-ask-password-wall.servicesystemd-backlight@.servicesystemd-binfmt.servicesystemd-bootchart.servicesystemd-firstboot.servicesystemd-fsck-root.servicesystemd-fsck@.servicesystemd-halt.servicesystemd-hibernate-resume@.servicesystemd-hibernate.servicesystemd-hostnamed.servicesystemd-hwdb-update.servicesystemd-hybrid-sleep.servicesystemd-importd.servicesystemd-initctl.servicesystemd-initctl.socketsystemd-journal-catalog-update.servicesystemd-journald.servicesystemd-journald.socketsystemd-journal-flush.servicesystemd-kexec.servicesystemd-localed.servicesystemd-logind.servicesystemd-machined.servicesystemd-machine-id-commit.servicesystemd-modules-load.servicesystemd-nspawn@.servicesystemd-poweroff.servicesystemd-quotacheck.servicesystemd-random-seed.servicesystemd-readahead-collect.servicesystemd-readahead-done.servicesystemd-readahead-done.timersystemd-readahead-drop.servicesystemd-readahead-replay.servicesystemd-reboot.servicesystemd-remount-fs.servicesystemd-rfkill@.servicesystemd-shutdownd.servicesystemd-shutdownd.socketsystemd-suspend.servicesystemd-sysctl.servicesystemd-timedated.servicesystemd-tmpfiles-clean.servicesystemd-tmpfiles-clean.timersystemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.servicesystemd-tmpfiles-setup.servicesystemd-udevd-control.socketsystemd-udevd-kernel.socketsystemd-udevd.servicesystemd-udev-settle.servicesystemd-udev-trigger.servicesystemd-update-done.servicesystemd-update-utmp-runlevel.servicesystemd-update-utmp.servicesystemd-user-sessions.servicesystemd-vconsole-setup.servicesystem.slicesystem-update.targettcsd.serviceteamd@.servicetimers.targettimers.target.wantstime-sync.targettmp.mounttuned.serviceumount.targetuser.slicevgauthd.servicevmtoolsd.servicewpa_supplicant.service

unit相关的命令

systemctl list-units //列出正在运行的unit

systemctl list-unite --all //列出所有，包括失败的或者inactive的

systemctl list-units --all --state=inactive //列出inactive的unit

systemctl list-units --type=service //列出状态为active的service

systemctl is-active crond.service // 查看某个服务是为active

systemctl list-units //列出正在运行的unit

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl list-units   UNIT                      LOAD   ACTIVE SUB       DESCRIPTION  proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded active waiting   Arbitrary Exec  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:07.1-ata2-host2-target2:0:0-2:0:0:0-block  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:10.0-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:10.0-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:10.0-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:10.0-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda.  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:11.0-0000:02:00.0-usb2-2\x2d2-2\x2d2.1-2\  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:11.0-0000:02:00.0-usb2-2\x2d2-2\x2d2.1 ······   sysinit.target            loaded active active    System Initialization  timers.target             loaded active active    Timers  systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer loaded active waiting   Daily Cleanup of TeLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.101 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.lines 82-109/109 (END)

systemctl list-unite --all //列出所有，包括失败的或者inactive的

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl list-units --all  UNIT                      LOAD      ACTIVE   SUB       DESCRIPTION  proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded    active   waiting   Arbitrary  dev-cdrom.device          loaded    active   plugged   VMware_Virtual_ID  dev-disk-by\x2did-ata\x2dVMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_1000000000000000  dev-disk-by\x2dlabel-CentOS\x5cx207\x5cx20x86_64.device loaded    active  dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:00:07.1\x2data\x2d2.0.device loaded    a  dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:00:10.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0.device loaded  dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:00:10.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0\x2dpart1.devi  dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:00:10.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0\x2dpart2.devi  dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:00:10.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0\x2dpart3.devi  dev-disk-by\x2duuid-2017\x2d09\x2d06\x2d10\x2d51\x2d00\x2d00.device load  dev-disk-by\x2duuid-7d77ac07\x2d1105\x2d4db2\x2d9676\x2d34dcaadc2f10.dev  dev-disk-by\x2duuid-8121e215\x2dbb40\x2d4f33\x2d89ad\x2d0ee2a8f8c942.dev  dev-disk-by\x2duuid-be6981b9\x2d0dba\x2d4bfa\x2da07c\x2d0e701142d321.dev  dev-sda.device            loaded    active   plugged   VMware_Virtual_S  dev-sda1.device           loaded    active   plugged   VMware_Virtual_S   dev-sda2.device           loaded    active   plugged   VMware_Virtual_S   dev-sda3.device           loaded    active   plugged   VMware_Virtual_S   dev-sr0.device            loaded    active   plugged   VMware_Virtual_ID  dev-ttyS0.device          loaded    active   plugged   /dev/ttyS0  dev-ttyS1.device          loaded    active   plugged   /dev/ttyS1  dev-ttyS2.device          loaded    active   plugged   /dev/ttyS2  dev-ttyS3.device          loaded    active   plugged   /dev/ttyS3  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:07.1-ata2-host2-target2:0:0-2:0:0:0-block  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:10.0-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:10.0-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:10.0-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:10.0-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda.  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:11.0-0000:02:00.0-usb2-2\x2d2-2\x2d2.1-2\  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:11.0-0000:02:00.0-usb2-2\x2d2-2\x2d2.1-2\  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:11.0-0000:02:01.0-net-ens33.device loaded  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:11.0-0000:02:02.0-sound-card0.device load  sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:11.0-0000:02:05.0-net-ens37.device loaded  sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS0.device loaded    active   plug  sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS1.device loaded    active   plug  sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS2.device loaded    active   plug  sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS3.device loaded    active   plug  sys-module-configfs.device loaded    active   plugged   /sys/module/conf  sys-subsystem-bluetooth-devices-hci0.device loaded    active   plugged    sys-subsystem-net-devices-ens33.device loaded    active   plugged   8254  sys-subsystem-net-devices-ens37.device loaded    active   plugged   8254  sys-subsystem-rfkill-devices-rfkill0.device loaded    active   plugged    -.mount                   loaded    active   mounted   /  boot.mount                loaded    active   mounted   /boot  dev-hugepages.mount       loaded    active   mounted   Huge Pages File S  dev-mqueue.mount          loaded    active   mounted   POSIX Message Que  proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount loaded    inactive dead      Arbitrary Exe  run-user-0.mount          loaded    active   mounted   /run/user/0  sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount loaded    inactive dead      FUSE Control   sys-kernel-config.mount   loaded    active   mounted   Configuration Fil  sys-kernel-debug.mount    loaded    active   mounted   Debug File System  tmp.mount                 loaded    inactive dead      Temporary Directo  brandbot.path             loaded    active   waiting   Flexible branding  systemd-ask-password-console.path loaded    inactive dead      Dispatch   systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path loaded    active   waiting   Forward   systemd-ask-password-wall.path loaded    active   waiting   Forward Pass  session-1.scope           loaded    active   running   Session 1 of user  session-2.scope           loaded    active   running   Session 2 of user  auditd.service            loaded    active   running   Security Auditing  brandbot.service          loaded    inactive dead      Flexible Branding  chronyd.service           loaded    active   running   NTP client/server  cpupower.service          loaded    inactive dead      Configure CPU pow  crond.service             loaded    active   running   Command Scheduler  dbus.service              loaded    active   running   D-Bus System Mess● display-manager.service   not-found inactive dead      display-manager.s  dracut-shutdown.service   loaded    inactive dead      Restore /run/init  ebtables.service          loaded    inactive dead      Ethernet Bridge F  emergency.service         loaded    inactive dead      Emergency Shell● exim.service              not-found inactive dead      exim.service  firewalld.service         loaded    active   running   firewalld - dynam  getty@tty1.service        loaded    active   running   Getty on tty1  ip6tables.service         loaded    inactive dead      IPv6 firewall wit● ipset.service             not-found inactive dead      ipset.service  iptables.service          loaded    inactive dead      IPv4 firewall wit  irqbalance.service        loaded    inactive dead      irqbalance daemon  kdump.service             loaded    active   exited    Crash recovery ke  kmod-static-nodes.service loaded    active   exited    Create list of re  microcode.service         loaded    inactive dead      Load CPU microcod  network.service           loaded    active   exited    LSB: Bring up/dow● NetworkManager-wait-online.service loaded    failed   failed    Network   NetworkManager.service    loaded    active   running   Network Manager● ntpd.service              not-found inactive dead      ntpd.service● ntpdate.service           not-found inactive dead      ntpdate.service  plymouth-quit-wait.service loaded    inactive dead      Wait for Plymout  plymouth-quit.service     loaded    inactive dead      Terminate Plymout  plymouth-read-write.service loaded    inactive dead      Tell Plymouth T  plymouth-start.service    loaded    inactive dead      Show Plymouth Boo  polkit.service            loaded    active   running   Authorization Man  postfix.service           loaded    active   running   Postfix Mail Tran  rc-local.service          loaded    inactive dead      /etc/rc.d/rc.loca  rescue.service            loaded    inactive dead      Rescue Shell  rhel-autorelabel-mark.service loaded    inactive dead      Mark the need  rhel-autorelabel.service  loaded    inactive dead      Relabel all files  rhel-configure.service    loaded    inactive dead      Reconfigure the s  rhel-dmesg.service        loaded    active   exited    Dump dmesg to /va  rhel-import-state.service loaded    active   exited    Import network co  rhel-loadmodules.service  loaded    inactive dead      Load legacy modul  rhel-readonly.service     loaded    active   exited    Configure read-on  rsyslog.service           loaded    active   running   System Logging Se  selinux-policy-migrate-local-changes@targeted.service loaded    inactive● sendmail.service          not-found inactive dead      sendmail.service● sntp.service              not-found inactive dead      sntp.service  sshd-keygen.service       loaded    inactive dead      OpenSSH Server Ke  sshd.service              loaded    active   running   OpenSSH server da● syslog.service            not-found inactive dead      syslog.service  sysstat.service           loaded    active   exited    Resets System Act  systemd-ask-password-console.service loaded    inactive dead      Dispat  systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service loaded    inactive dead      Forwa  systemd-ask-password-wall.service loaded    inactive dead      Forward P  systemd-binfmt.service    loaded    inactive dead      Set Up Additional  systemd-firstboot.service loaded    inactive dead      First Boot Wizard  systemd-fsck-root.service loaded    inactive dead      File System Check  systemd-hwdb-update.service loaded    inactive dead      Rebuild Hardwar  systemd-initctl.service   loaded    inactive dead      /dev/initctl Comp  systemd-journal-catalog-update.service loaded    inactive dead      Rebu  systemd-journal-flush.service loaded    active   exited    Flush Journal  systemd-journald.service  loaded    active   running   Journal Service  systemd-logind.service    loaded    active   running   Login Service  systemd-machine-id-commit.service loaded    inactive dead      Commit a   systemd-modules-load.service loaded    inactive dead      Load Kernel Mo● systemd-random-seed-load.service not-found inactive dead      systemd-ra  systemd-random-seed.service loaded    active   exited    Load/Save Rando  systemd-readahead-collect.service loaded    inactive dead      Collect R  systemd-readahead-done.service loaded    inactive dead      Stop Read-Ah  systemd-readahead-replay.service loaded    inactive dead      Replay Rea  systemd-reboot.service    loaded    inactive dead      Reboot  systemd-remount-fs.service loaded    active   exited    Remount Root and  systemd-rfkill@rfkill0.service loaded    active   exited    Load/Save RF  systemd-shutdownd.service loaded    inactive dead      Delayed Shutdown   systemd-sysctl.service    loaded    active   exited    Apply Kernel Vari● systemd-sysusers.service  not-found inactive dead      systemd-sysusers.● systemd-timesyncd.service not-found inactive dead      systemd-timesyncd  systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service loaded    inactive dead      Cleanup of T  systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service loaded    active   exited    Create S  systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service loaded    active   exited    Create Volat  systemd-udev-trigger.service loaded    active   exited    udev Coldplug   systemd-udevd.service     loaded    active   running   udev Kernel Devic  systemd-update-done.service loaded    inactive dead      Update is Compl  systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service loaded    inactive dead      Update  systemd-update-utmp.service loaded    active   exited    Update UTMP abo  systemd-user-sessions.service loaded    active   exited    Permit User S  systemd-vconsole-setup.service loaded    active   exited    Setup Virtua  tuned.service             loaded    active   running   Dynamic System Tu  vgauthd.service           loaded    active   running   VGAuth Service fo  vmtoolsd.service          loaded    active   running   Service for virtu  -.slice                   loaded    active   active    Root Slice  system-getty.slice        loaded    active   active    system-getty.slic  system-selinux\x2dpolicy\x2dmigrate\x2dlocal\x2dchanges.slice loaded      system-systemd\x2drfkill.slice loaded    active   active    system-syste  system.slice              loaded    active   active    System Slice  user-0.slice              loaded    active   active    User Slice of roo  user.slice                loaded    active   active    User and Session   dbus.socket               loaded    active   running   D-Bus System Mess  sshd.socket               loaded    inactive dead      OpenSSH Server So  syslog.socket             loaded    inactive dead      Syslog Socket  systemd-initctl.socket    loaded    active   listening /dev/initctl Comp  systemd-journald.socket   loaded    active   running   Journal Socket  systemd-shutdownd.socket  loaded    active   listening Delayed Shutdown   systemd-udevd-control.socket loaded    active   running   udev Control S  systemd-udevd-kernel.socket loaded    active   running   udev Kernel Soc  dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:00:10.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0\x2dpart2.swap  dev-disk-by\x2duuid-be6981b9\x2d0dba\x2d4bfa\x2da07c\x2d0e701142d321.swa  dev-sda2.swap             loaded    active   active    /dev/sda2  basic.target              loaded    active   active    Basic System  bluetooth.target          loaded    active   active    Bluetooth  cryptsetup.target         loaded    active   active    Encrypted Volumes  emergency.target          loaded    inactive dead      Emergency Mode  final.target              loaded    inactive dead      Final Step  getty.target              loaded    active   active    Login Prompts  graphical.target          loaded    inactive dead      Graphical Interfa  local-fs-pre.target       loaded    active   active    Local File System  local-fs.target           loaded    active   active    Local File System  multi-user.target         loaded    active   active    Multi-User System  network-online.target     loaded    active   active    Network is Online  network-pre.target        loaded    active   active    Network (Pre)  network.target            loaded    active   active    Network  nss-user-lookup.target    loaded    inactive dead      User and Group Na  paths.target              loaded    active   active    Paths  remote-fs-pre.target      loaded    inactive dead      Remote File Syste  remote-fs.target          loaded    active   active    Remote File Syste  rescue.target             loaded    inactive dead      Rescue Mode  shutdown.target           loaded    inactive dead      Shutdown  slices.target             loaded    active   active    Slices  sockets.target            loaded    active   active    Sockets  sound.target              loaded    active   active    Sound Card  swap.target               loaded    active   active    Swap  sysinit.target            loaded    active   active    System Initializa● syslog.target             not-found inactive dead      syslog.target  time-sync.target          loaded    inactive dead      System Time Synch  timers.target             loaded    active   active    Timers  umount.target             loaded    inactive dead      Unmount All Files  systemd-readahead-done.timer loaded    inactive dead      Stop Read-Ahea  systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer loaded    active   waiting   Daily Cleanup LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.192 loaded units listed.To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.lines 173-200/200 (END)

systemctl list-units --all --state=inactive //列出inactive的unit

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl list-units --all --state=inactive  UNIT                      LOAD      ACTIVE   SUB  DESCRIPTION  proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount loaded    inactive dead Arbitrary Executab  sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount loaded    inactive dead FUSE Control File   tmp.mount                 loaded    inactive dead Temporary Directory  systemd-ask-password-console.path loaded    inactive dead Dispatch Passw  brandbot.service          loaded    inactive dead Flexible Branding Serv  cpupower.service          loaded    inactive dead Configure CPU power re● display-manager.service   not-found inactive dead display-manager.servic  dracut-shutdown.service   loaded    inactive dead Restore /run/initramfs  ebtables.service          loaded    inactive dead Ethernet Bridge Filter  emergency.service         loaded    inactive dead Emergency Shell● exim.service              not-found inactive dead exim.service  ip6tables.service         loaded    inactive dead IPv6 firewall with ip6● ipset.service             not-found inactive dead ipset.service  iptables.service          loaded    inactive dead IPv4 firewall with ipt  irqbalance.service        loaded    inactive dead irqbalance daemon  microcode.service         loaded    inactive dead Load CPU microcode upd● ntpd.service              not-found inactive dead ntpd.service● ntpdate.service           not-found inactive dead ntpdate.service  plymouth-quit-wait.service loaded    inactive dead Wait for Plymouth Boo  plymouth-quit.service     loaded    inactive dead Terminate Plymouth Boo  plymouth-read-write.service loaded    inactive dead Tell Plymouth To Wri  plymouth-start.service    loaded    inactive dead Show Plymouth Boot Scr  rc-local.service          loaded    inactive dead /etc/rc.d/rc.local Com  rescue.service            loaded    inactive dead Rescue Shell  rhel-autorelabel-mark.service loaded    inactive dead Mark the need to r  rhel-autorelabel.service  loaded    inactive dead Relabel all filesystem  rhel-configure.service    loaded    inactive dead Reconfigure the system  rhel-loadmodules.service  loaded    inactive dead Load legacy module con  selinux-policy-migrate-local-changes@targeted.service loaded    inactive● sendmail.service          not-found inactive dead sendmail.service● sntp.service              not-found inactive dead sntp.service  sshd-keygen.service       loaded    inactive dead OpenSSH Server Key Gen● syslog.service            not-found inactive dead syslog.service  systemd-ask-password-console.service loaded    inactive dead Dispatch Pa  systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service loaded    inactive dead Forward Pa  systemd-ask-password-wall.service loaded    inactive dead Forward Passwo  systemd-binfmt.service    loaded    inactive dead Set Up Additional Bina  systemd-firstboot.service loaded    inactive dead First Boot Wizard  systemd-fsck-root.service loaded    inactive dead File System Check on R  systemd-hwdb-update.service loaded    inactive dead Rebuild Hardware Dat  systemd-initctl.service   loaded    inactive dead /dev/initctl Compatibi  systemd-journal-catalog-update.service loaded    inactive dead Rebuild J  systemd-machine-id-commit.service loaded    inactive dead Commit a trans  systemd-modules-load.service loaded    inactive dead Load Kernel Modules● systemd-random-seed-load.service not-found inactive dead systemd-random-  systemd-readahead-collect.service loaded    inactive dead Collect Read-A  systemd-readahead-done.service loaded    inactive dead Stop Read-Ahead D  systemd-readahead-replay.service loaded    inactive dead Replay Read-Ahe  systemd-reboot.service    loaded    inactive dead Reboot  systemd-shutdownd.service loaded    inactive dead Delayed Shutdown Servi● systemd-sysusers.service  not-found inactive dead systemd-sysusers.servi● systemd-timesyncd.service not-found inactive dead systemd-timesyncd.serv  systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service loaded    inactive dead Cleanup of Tempor  systemd-update-done.service loaded    inactive dead Update is Completed  systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service loaded    inactive dead Update UTMP  sshd.socket               loaded    inactive dead OpenSSH Server Socket  syslog.socket             loaded    inactive dead Syslog Socket  emergency.target          loaded    inactive dead Emergency Mode  final.target              loaded    inactive dead Final Step  graphical.target          loaded    inactive dead Graphical Interface  nss-user-lookup.target    loaded    inactive dead User and Group Name Lo  remote-fs-pre.target      loaded    inactive dead Remote File Systems (P  rescue.target             loaded    inactive dead Rescue Mode  shutdown.target           loaded    inactive dead Shutdown● syslog.target             not-found inactive dead syslog.target  time-sync.target          loaded    inactive dead System Time Synchroniz  umount.target             loaded    inactive dead Unmount All Filesystem  systemd-readahead-done.timer loaded    inactive dead Stop Read-Ahead DatLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.68 loaded units listed.To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.lines 49-76/76 (END)

systemctl list-units --type=service //列出状态为active的service

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl list-units --type=service  UNIT                      LOAD   ACTIVE SUB     DESCRIPTION  auditd.service            loaded active running Security Auditing Servic  chronyd.service           loaded active running NTP client/server  crond.service             loaded active running Command Scheduler  dbus.service              loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus  firewalld.service         loaded active running firewalld - dynamic fire  getty@tty1.service        loaded active running Getty on tty1  kdump.service             loaded active exited  Crash recovery kernel ar  kmod-static-nodes.service loaded active exited  Create list of required   network.service           loaded active exited  LSB: Bring up/down netwo● NetworkManager-wait-online.service loaded failed failed  Network Manager  NetworkManager.service    loaded active running Network Manager  polkit.service            loaded active running Authorization Manager  postfix.service           loaded active running Postfix Mail Transport A  rhel-dmesg.service        loaded active exited  Dump dmesg to /var/log/d  rhel-import-state.service loaded active exited  Import network configura  rhel-readonly.service     loaded active exited  Configure read-only root  rsyslog.service           loaded active running System Logging Service  sshd.service              loaded active running OpenSSH server daemon  sysstat.service           loaded active exited  Resets System Activity L  systemd-journal-flush.service loaded active exited  Flush Journal to Per  systemd-journald.service  loaded active running Journal Service  systemd-logind.service    loaded active running Login Service  systemd-random-seed.service loaded active exited  Load/Save Random Seed  systemd-remount-fs.service loaded active exited  Remount Root and Kernel  systemd-rfkill@rfkill0.service loaded active exited  Load/Save RF Kill S  systemd-sysctl.service    loaded active exited  Apply Kernel Variables  systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service loaded active exited  Create Static D  systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service loaded active exited  Create Volatile Fil  systemd-udev-trigger.service loaded active exited  udev Coldplug all Dev  systemd-udevd.service     loaded active running udev Kernel Device Manag  systemd-update-utmp.service loaded active exited  Update UTMP about Syst  systemd-user-sessions.service loaded active exited  Permit User Sessions  systemd-vconsole-setup.service loaded active exited  Setup Virtual Conso  tuned.service             loaded active running Dynamic System Tuning Da  vgauthd.service           loaded active running VGAuth Service for open-  vmtoolsd.service          loaded active running Service for virtual machLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.36 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.

systemctl is-active crond.service // 查看某个服务是为active

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl is-active crond.serviceactive

系统为了方便管理用target来管理unit

systemctl list-unit-files --type=target

systemctl list-dependencies multi-user.target 查看指定target下面有哪些unit

systemctl get-default 查看系统默认的target

systemctl set-default multi-user.target

一个service属于一个类型的unit

多个unit组成一个target

一个target里面包含多个service

cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service ······看【install】部分

systemctl list-unit-files --type=target

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files --type=targetUNIT FILE                 STATE   basic.target              static  bluetooth.target          static  cryptsetup-pre.target     static  cryptsetup.target         static  ctrl-alt-del.target       disableddefault.target            enabled emergency.target          static  final.target              static  getty.target              static  graphical.target          static  halt.target               disabledhibernate.target          static  hybrid-sleep.target       static  initrd-fs.target          static  initrd-root-fs.target     static  initrd-switch-root.target static  initrd.target             static  iprutils.target           disabledkexec.target              disabledlocal-fs-pre.target       static  local-fs.target           static  machines.target           disabledmulti-user.target         enabled network-online.target     static  network-pre.target        static  network.target            static  nss-lookup.target         static  nss-user-lookup.target    static  paths.target              static  poweroff.target           disabledprinter.target            static  reboot.target             disabledremote-fs-pre.target      static  remote-fs.target          enabled rescue.target             disabledrpcbind.target            static  runlevel0.target          disabledrunlevel1.target          disabledrunlevel2.target          enabled runlevel3.target          enabled runlevel4.target          enabled runlevel5.target          static  runlevel6.target          disabledshutdown.target           static  sigpwr.target             static  sleep.target              static  slices.target             static  smartcard.target          static  sockets.target            static  sound.target              static  suspend.target            static  swap.target               static  sysinit.target            static  system-update.target      static  time-sync.target          static  timers.target             static  umount.target             static  57 unit files listed.lines 33-60/60 (END)

systemctl list-dependencies multi-user.target 查看指定target下面有哪些unit

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl list-dependencies multi-user.targetmulti-user.target● ├─auditd.service● ├─brandbot.path● ├─chronyd.service● ├─crond.service● ├─dbus.service● ├─firewalld.service● ├─irqbalance.service● ├─kdump.service● ├─network.service● ├─NetworkManager.service● ├─plymouth-quit-wait.service● ├─plymouth-quit.service● ├─postfix.service● ├─rsyslog.service● ├─sshd.service● ├─sysstat.service● ├─systemd-ask-password-wall.path● ├─systemd-logind.service● ├─systemd-readahead-collect.service● ├─systemd-readahead-replay.service● ├─systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service● ├─systemd-user-sessions.service● ├─tuned.service● ├─vmtoolsd.service● ├─basic.target● │ ├─microcode.service● │ ├─rhel-autorelabel-mark.service● │ ├─rhel-autorelabel.service● │ ├─rhel-configure.service● │ ├─rhel-dmesg.service● │ ├─rhel-loadmodules.service● │ ├─selinux-policy-migrate-local-changes@targeted.service● │ ├─paths.target● │ ├─slices.target● │ │ ├─-.slice● │ │ └─system.slice● │ ├─sockets.target● │ │ ├─dbus.socket● │ │ ├─systemd-initctl.socket● │ │ ├─systemd-journald.socket● │ │ ├─systemd-shutdownd.socket● │ │ ├─systemd-udevd-control.socket● │ │ └─systemd-udevd-kernel.socket● │ ├─sysinit.target● │ │ ├─dev-hugepages.mount● │ │ ├─dev-mqueue.mount● │ │ ├─kmod-static-nodes.service● │ │ ├─plymouth-read-write.service● │ │ ├─plymouth-start.service● │ │ ├─proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount● │ │ ├─sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount● │ │ ├─sys-kernel-config.mount● │ │ ├─sys-kernel-debug.mount● │ │ ├─systemd-ask-password-console.path● │ │ ├─systemd-binfmt.service● │ │ ├─systemd-firstboot.service● │ │ ├─systemd-hwdb-update.service● │ │ ├─systemd-journal-catalog-update.service● │ │ ├─systemd-journal-flush.service● │ │ ├─systemd-journald.service● │ │ ├─systemd-machine-id-commit.service● │ │ ├─systemd-modules-load.service● │ │ ├─systemd-random-seed.service● │ │ ├─systemd-sysctl.service● │ │ ├─systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service● │ │ ├─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service● │ │ ├─systemd-udev-trigger.service● │ │ ├─systemd-udevd.service● │ │ ├─systemd-update-done.service● │ │ ├─systemd-update-utmp.service● │ │ ├─systemd-vconsole-setup.service● │ │ ├─cryptsetup.target● │ │ ├─local-fs.target● │ │ │ ├─-.mount● │ │ │ ├─boot.mount● │ │ │ ├─rhel-import-state.service● │ │ │ ├─rhel-readonly.service● │ │ │ └─systemd-remount-fs.service● │ │ └─swap.target● │ │   └─dev-disk-by\x2duuid-be6981b9\x2d0dba\x2d4bfa\x2da07c\x2d0e70114.● │ └─timers.target● │   └─systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer● ├─getty.target● │ └─getty@tty1.service● └─remote-fs.targetlines 59-86/86 (END)

systemctl get-default 查看系统默认的target

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl get-defaultmulti-user.target

systemctl set-default multi-user.target

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.targetRemoved symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.

cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service ······看【install】部分

[root@xuexi-001 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service[Unit]Description=OpenSSH server daemonDocumentation=man:sshd(8) man:sshd_config(5)After=network.target sshd-keygen.serviceWants=sshd-keygen.service[Service]Type=notifyEnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/sshdExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $OPTIONSExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPIDKillMode=processRestart=on-failureRestartSec=42s[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3850965/blog/1830684

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